Haines Avalanche Center
Above 2,500ftConsiderable
1,500 to 2,500ftModerate
Below 1,500ftModerate
Degrees of Avalanche Danger
Avalanche Problems
Problem 1
Aspect: All
Elevation: Near and Above treeline
Bottom Line: Continued northerly winds will blow and expect sensitive surface slabs to form on S-SE aspect. Look for blowing and drifting snow. While snowfall from earlier this week is loaded on W-NW-N-NE aspects and potentially sits over buried surface hoar 45-55cm+ deep. These layers contributed to a natural avalanche cycle on Monday 4/4, with several reports of human triggered slides on slopes greater than 35 degrees. Watch for signs of a reverse loading throughout the day. Natural avalanches remain possible while human triggered slides are likely. Expect the danger to be slow to improve, as unsettled layer remain a concern through this weekend and into next week. Deeper weak layers from early March, 1 meter or more still have potential to step down especially around shallow trigger points, or from heavy triggers.
Travel Advice:
- Avoid avalanche terrain on any aspects protected from the SE winds. W, NW, N, and NE aspects especially should be avoided. Or freshly loaded S-SE aspects.
- Use cautious route finding. Be aware of the terrain above you, especially with low visibility. Remote triggering is possible.
- Identify potential trigger points, or overhead hazard where slides could initiate from, or cause deeper layers to fail.
- Dig snow pits, run stability assessment tests, probe for strong over weak layers, use evidence to backup decision making.
- Look for safer riding that can be found in the trees, and on low angle slopes (less than 30-degrees) without overhead hazard.
- Avoid terrain traps where snow can pile up quickly, or expose you to hazards such as rocks, trees, or cliffs.
- Keep wide safety margins near any avalanche terrain – and Be Patient.
Additional Consideration:
- We believe mid-winter deep persistent layers are currently dormant. However, you could still trigger a deeper persistent slab in thin or shallow snow, even if we haven’t had recent feedback or avalanche activity.
- With the beginning of March comes a higher sun angle than we have seen for the last couple months. Surface warming will begin to be prevalent on solar days, especially around exposed rocks and creating thin and/or weak spots where you could trigger these deeper layers.
- A variety of wind loading patterns throughout the season have created sizeable cornices on all aspects near mountain tops and ridgelines. Beware that cornices can break much further back than expect, can trigger deeper persistent weak layers and are sensitive to warming, temperature changes and direct sunlight.
- Remember that persistent slabs are unpredictable and that tests and observations can be unreliable. A probe can be very helpful to determine snow depth and presence of deeper buried weak layers by noting resistance as the probe moves through the snow.
- Continue to utilize safe travel protocol, wide margins of safety, and collect more information when it comes to entering committing terrain.
- Loose snow avalanches over terrain features will be amplified by direct sunlight and increasing temperatures during the day, avoid overhead hazard by utilizing timing.
- Glide cracks have began to appear across the range. They are very difficult to predict, so basically just avoid exposure near or under.
Likelihood:
- Almost Certain
- Very Likely
- Likely
- Possible
- Unlikely
Size:
- Historic
- Very Large
- Large
- Small
Trend
- Increasing
- Steady
- Decreasing
Problem 2
Aspect: All aspects, on ridgelines and summits
Elevation: Near and Above Treeline
Wind loading last week has built cornices along N-NW-W aspects that may be sensitive to human triggering and possible to occur naturally. With a long winter of various loading directions, cornices have built on all aspects. This unique avalanche problem is less predictable than most and does not have solid tests and observations to better understand likelihood of release. Major factors that do contribute to cornice fall are strong solar radiation, increasing temperatures and recent wind events. Those three have been present recently and as the angle of the sun increases, fragile and sensitive cornices that have hung on all winter may finally begin to break down and fail. Cornice failure can also result in a heavy trigger for slopes below, especially with a persistent slab problem. Any strong solar radiation, or warming could play a big role in cornice failure.
Travel Advice:
- Avoid traveling along or underneath corniced ridgelines.
- Due to multiple wind directions, cornices may be present on both sides of a ridgeline.
- Look for signs of drooping cornices from the sun, increasing temperature, or recent wind loading.
- Understand cornices often break further back onto ridge tops than expected.
- Observers may underestimate sun’s effect on the back of cornices when traveling on cool, shaded aspects.
- Cornice fall chunks may not look large but have significant mass and can be destructive or trigger slope below.
Likelihood:
- Almost Certain
- Very Likely
- Likely
- Possible
- Unlikely
Size:
- Historic
- Very Large
- Large
- Small
Trend
- Increasing
- Steady
- Decreasing
Problem 3
With plenty of new snow clinging to the slopes, there remains the possibility for significant and fast sluffing in steep terrain. Use extra caution on any steep higher-elevation aspects. Remember that sluffs can trigger deeper avalanches, or sweep you into dangerous terrain like cliffs, crevasses, or gullies.
Travel advice:
- In steep terrain, manage your sluff by choosing lines that keep you high on spines or ribs, and allowing your sluff to fall away to the sides.
- Naturally triggered in steep terrain by falling snow, cornice fall, rock fall, or increased wind or sun.
- Plan routes with caution and be vigilant of what is coming down above you.
- On steep continuous slopes can accelerate fast and run far.
- Stay out of gullies and depressions which channel sluff.
- Beware of boot deep penetration into loose surface snow.
Likelihood:
- Almost Certain
- Very Likely
- Likely
- Possible
- Unlikely
Size:
- Historic
- Very Large
- Large
- Small
Trend
- Increasing
- Steady
- Decreasing
Avalanche Activity
April 3-5: Numerous natural and human-triggered slides were reported from multiple aspects. Crowns were 30-150cm deep, running in fresh storm snow, loose, wind slabs, and a few deeper persistent slabs and cornice drops. The main concern appears to be a surface hoar layer that formed 3/27. This layer is about 35-45cm deep on average.
A human triggered D2-R3 slide at 5200′ on a N-NE aspect 3/4 at the Haines Pass. Crown depth was 35cm. Photo credit: Carver Colbek
3/21-26/2022 – A variety of natural slides were observed 3/26 with the majority of them D1-D2 slabs, 15-30cm deep, mostly within the new wind-loaded snow on N-NW-W aspects. These avalanches mostly occurred below rocks, ridgelines, or cornices. Some stepped down to deeper layers from early March.
A fresh slide below rock features on a solar aspect, from 3/26, Transitional Zone near 4600ft, NW aspect. Photo credit: John Upton
3/5-7/2022 – Numerous D1-D2 natural and human triggered activity 2-12″+ deep were reported on multiple aspects above treeline.
1/29/2022 – Deep slab natural avalanche that occurred roughly in the Lutak Zone. This slide may have run on a buried facet layer from late December’s outflow event, or even a deeper rain crust near the ground (it went all the way to ground in spots).
1/29 to 2/1/2022 – Several reports came in of recent avalanches in the alpine of the Transitional Zone. The common characteristics of these slides were wide propagation, and failing 2-5ft deep at the interface below the wind slabs from last week’s atmospheric river. We have strong reason to suspect these slides occurred on a buried surface hoar layer from 1/20. They happened on all aspects, at elevations from 3000 – 5000ft, and all were in wind sheltered areas below ridges, features, and starting zones. Slide were observed in the Transitional and Lutak zones, but the Lutak slides appear to be on different layers.
4Winds zone. SW. 4000-5000′
Near Mt. Krause
Weather
Forecast above 1000′:
Scattered clouds in the morning will break to mostly clear skies and another bluebird day. No precipitation is expected as high pressure continues. Moderate winds from the north. Freezing level 100′.
Seasonal Summary:
- April 1-5: Several storms brought in a total of 1.4″ of SWE, with snow levels hovering near 1500ft. Southeast winds were strong.
- March 29th light accumulations with higher totals 5-10″ observed further up valley.
- March 28th SE-E winds were moderate gusting strong noted from Haines Pass Wx Station.
- March 26-27th surface hoar formation was observed due to calm clear cold conditions.
- March 21-22nd precipitation totaled 0.5 – 1.5″ of SWE with higher totals in transitional zone. SE-E winds were moderate gusting to strong and freezing levels ~1500′.
- March 11th-17th precipitation totaled 1-1.5″ of SWE snow levels up to 2,000′ with south to north winds.
- March 3rd-7th reverse loading event with south winds, then north winds, continued diurnal temps.
- Feb 28th-March 4th saw diurnal temperature swings followed by light accumulations of 2-4″.
- Feb 16-19th light snow 3-4″ with freezing levels reaching 1,500′ with strong south winds.
- Feb 12-14th had freeze/thaw cycles that locked up the snowpack to ~4,000′.
- Feb 5th-9th brought snow levels near 3,500ft, and 2.5-4″ of SWE with strong south winds.
- Feb 1st-4th brought in 12-24″ of low density powder.
- Jan 27-29 brought 1.5 – 2.4″ of SWE with freezing levels near 1500ft.
- An Atmospheric river hit Jan 21-22. It brought in 2-7″ of SWE (2-5ft of snow above 2500ft, mostly rain below)
- Jan 9th-15th brought 24-48″ of new snow in the alpine, with some light rain up to 3,500ft, followed by heavier rain up to 2000ft.
- Very strong NW winds and arctic temperatures blasted the area the first week of January.
- Jan 1st: New snow (20″ in Lutak, 7″ Transitional zone) buried any preserved surface hoar.
- Moderate NW winds hit exposed slopes Dec 19-20th.
- Surface hoar formed on all aspects and elevations Dec 17-18th.
- December brought in about 2-5 feet of snowfall (highest in Lutak zone), and a few strong NW wind events.
- November brought consistent heavy snowfalls, cold weather, and SE winds.
- October brought heavy snow in the alpine, followed by a few rain/sun crusts.
Snow Depth [in] | Last 24-hr Snow/SWE [in] | Last 3-days Snow/SWE [in] | Today’s Freezing Level [ft] | Today’s Winds | Next 24-hr Snow/SWE | |
Mount Ripinsky @ treeline ** | 144″* | 0″ / 0.00″* | 1” / 0.10″* | 100′ | Moderate, N | 0″ / 0.00* |
Flower Mountain @ treeline | 93″* | 0″ / 0.00″ | 2″ / 0.20″ * | 100′ | Moderate, N | 0″ / 0.00″ |
Chilkat Pass @ 3,100ft | 50″ | 0″ / 0.00” | 1” / 0.10” | 0′ | Moderate, NW | 0″ / 0.00” |
( *star means meteorological estimate )
** The Ripinsky weather station is in need of repair, and will likely be down until Summer. Make a donation to the Haines Avalanche Center for next season here.
Additional Information
Safe backcountry travel requires training and experience. You control your own risk by choosing where, when and how you travel. Ride rescue ready. Be prepared for an emergency. Prevent hypothermia. Carry bear spray. Winter is a high consequence environment.
Become a sustaining Haines Avalanche Center Member by clicking the poster or visiting dev.alaskasnow.org/joinHAC. Support local forecasts, observations, education and weather stations. Join a community of winter recreationalists. Benefit from collective knowledge and skills. Help keep your friends and family safe in the backcountry. Get a free limited edition mountain buff, or neck gaiter with a $50 membership (first 20 members!).
Practice like you play. Make sure all your rescue gear is fully functional and your beacon has NEW batteries. Make sure 1) everyone in the group has a functioning beacon, shovel and probe 2) knows how to use them and 3) has trained in companion rescue in the last year. Keep your skills fresh. If you head into the hills, watch out for red flag avalanche conditions, natural avalanches, whoomphing or collapsing, and shooting cracks.
Education Video Links:
- AIARE
- How to Practice Avalanche Rescue Snowmobile Edition: https://youtu.be/2ML499MMDfM
- AK Sled Shed Motorized Learning:
- Intro: https://youtu.be/aoagKHfGkxs
- Personal Electronics in Avalanche Terrain: https://youtu.be/2Vz9S0OEyFk
- Snowmobile Macgyver Tool Kit: https://youtu.be/4WBNu_t6Bbk
- Head and Face Protection: https://youtu.be/jIzW89wOyZI
- Pre-season prep: https://youtu.be/zJmrb8cZlR4
- My Transceiver: https://youtu.be/yblaDWP7Jf8
- BCA Avalanche Safety for Snowmobilers
- How to Fix Common Snowmobile Problems in the Field: https://youtu.be/g9fiTxEvuFk
- Sleducation: Avalanche Safety for Snowmobilers: https://youtu.be/EWFOd_9DYb8
- Intro to Avalanche Transceivers for Snowmobilers: https://youtu.be/6ZLSBmsceog
- Avalanche Transceiver Trailhead Test for Snowmobilers: https://youtu.be/rWoXbadFBsY
- Avalanche Transceiver Searching Use Snowmobiles: https://youtu.be/w1ucyI6LMXM
- BCA Avalanche Rescue Series
- Beacon Search 101: https://youtu.be/nnHXLVA2FcE
- Avalanche Probing 101: https://youtu.be/-0_yDN5Drzw
- Avalanche Shoveling 101: https://youtu.be/dGQg9o3vAkM
- Organizing a Backcountry Rescue: https://youtu.be/gywtmukgt8s
- Post Avalanche Patient Care: https://youtu.be/9FyIeUy4wpQ
- Backcountry Evacuation: https://youtu.be/WPF-dciefL8
- Complex Multiple Burials Backup Techniques: https://youtu.be/pB6AfY2KyYo
- National Avalanche Center
- Avalanche Problems Explained: https://youtu.be/DkbnT_9-cHU
- Intro to North American Avalanche Danger Scale: https://youtu.be/r_-KpOu7tbA
Announcements
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